Descarga Gratis Libros Ajedrez Formato Pdf. A dolphin exposes a detecting device on its fin as it jumps from the sea during a patrol in Manama, Bahrain, on August 11, 2003. Hamad I Mohammed/Reuters Canines aren't the only animals who can land jobs in the military. The US has trained bottlenose dolphins to carry out a range of military tasks, from locating underwater mines to flagging the presence of enemy swimmers for harbor defense. The Navy Marine Mammal Program at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (or SPAWAR) in San Diego, California trains 85 dolphins and 50 sea lions, according to SPAWAR spokesman Jim Fallin.
NBC in 2002 that the program got $14 million in funding a year, and that it has the Pentagon's financial backing through the year 2020. The program first started in 1960 when the Navy studied Notty, a female Pacific white-sided dolphin.
Navy trains dolphins and sea lions under the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Soviet military dolphin program was. Fear of Spying at America's Cup: Navy May Move or Temporarily Suspend Its Secret Marine Mammal Program. The Marine Mammal Program reached its heyday in. Ukrainian dolphins trained by the Soviet Navy for military operations are now being used for therapy with autistic.
The Navy hoped to study the dolphin's biomechanics and then use its findings for developing faster torpedoes. 'But quickly the focus changed to covert training,' according to NBC. Military researchers soon realized that the dolphins themselves could become a battlefield asset. 'It was soon after discovered that they had excellent biological sonar, so they definitely did a lot of research on that as well,' Ed Budzyna, a spokesman for SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific, told Business Insider. Dolphins have seen occasional use during war.
In 1970 and 1971, five of the cetaceans guarded an Army ammunition pier in Vietnam's Cam Ranh Bay, providing surveillance to thwart enemy swimmers. Dolphins were also deployed from Bahrain during the Tanker War, a late phase of the Iran-Iraq war in which the warring neighbors targeted one another's oil vessels (the US got involved in 1987, to protect Kuwaiti oil exports). The dolphins were deployed 'to protect the Third Fleet flagship anchored in Manama Harbor' in Bahrain, according to a SPAWAR document shared with Business Insider.
The animals even helped provide security for the Republican National Convention of 1996, which took place at the waterside San Diego Convention Center less than a month after a at the summer Olympics in Atlanta. Dolphins returned to the Persian Gulf in 2003, to clear mines ahead of coalition vessels during the US-led invasion of Iraq. Simatic Step7 Professional V12.
A bottlenose dolphin named K-Dog leaps out of the water in front of Sergeant Andrew Garrett while training near the USS Gunston Hall in the Persian Gulf on March 18, 2003. Reuters/US Navy/Brien Aho The sea mammals make attractive military assets because of their intelligence and trainability — as well as their speed in the water, and an echolocation ability that far outperforms the best electronic competitors. 'The reason they're used is that they have abilities that are unmatched still by anything man-made,' Budzyna said. Dolphins emit vocalizations and then closely listen for how the sounds bounce back. That gives them an idea of their surroundings, and even lets them figure out what kind of they might be swimming near, according to a program spokesperson speaking with National Geographic News. This makes dolphins especially useful for identifying underwater mines. When a dolphin finds one, the animals swim back to their trainers, who might give them a transponder to drop near the mine in order to flag its location.